好不容易買到心愛的名家書畫作品，心情無比激動(dòng)。但你知道嗎？買回家后書畫的保養(yǎng)也非常重要，收藏界有句古話，“紙千年，絹八百”，說的是紙絹質(zhì)文物壽命的上限，保存得好，宣紙有過千年的壽命。

　　After much effort, I finally managed to purchase my beloved calligraphy and painting works by famous artists, and I am incredibly excited. But do you know? The preservation of calligraphy and paintings after purchasing them is also very important. There is an old saying in the collection circle, "Paper lasts for a thousand years, silk for eight hundred years," which refers to the upper limit of the lifespan of paper and silk artifacts. If preserved well, Xuan paper can last for over a thousand years.

　　想了解名家書畫作品應(yīng)該如何“保養(yǎng)”？作為收藏品的書畫，保養(yǎng)不好容易損壞影響收藏價(jià)值，因此學(xué)會(huì)正確保養(yǎng)關(guān)重要。

　　I would like to know how to "maintain" famous paintings and calligraphy works. As collectibles, paintings and calligraphy works are prone to damage if not properly maintained, which can affect their collectible value. Therefore, learning how to maintain them correctly is crucial.

　　名家書畫保管不妥的原因有許多，一般說來因?yàn)榧竟?jié)更替產(chǎn)生的溫差變化，干濕不勻，陽(yáng)光紫外線輻射，環(huán)境空氣塵埃的污染等等，而發(fā)生蟲蛀、霉變、褪色等現(xiàn)象，使一幅完整的書畫作品面目全非，甚失去其藝術(shù)價(jià)值。

　　There are numerous reasons for the improper preservation of famous paintings and calligraphy works. Generally speaking, these include temperature fluctuations due to seasonal changes, uneven humidity, ultraviolet radiation from sunlight, and pollution from dust in the ambient air. These factors can lead to phenomena such as insect infestation, mold growth, and fading, which can completely alter the appearance of a complete painting or calligraphy work, and even render it devoid of its artistic value.

　　但凡我們能夠了解一些書畫容易受損的弱點(diǎn)，采取一些有效的防止措施，在一定的程度上延緩書畫變舊破損進(jìn)程，使得書畫的壽命延長(zhǎng)，能夠保存其原貌。

　　By understanding the vulnerabilities of calligraphy and painting works that are prone to damage and adopting effective preventive measures, we can, to a certain extent, slow down the process of deterioration and prolong their lifespan, preserving their original appearance.

　　▌01. 避免強(qiáng)光直射

　　名家書畫切記不可掛在太陽(yáng)光可以直射到的地方，珍貴的收藏品放于木匣中置陰處保存，不要輕易見光。

　　▌01. Avoid direct exposure to strong light

　　It is essential to remember not to hang famous paintings and calligraphy works in places where direct sunlight can reach. Precious collectibles are best kept in a wooden box and stored in a shady place, avoiding exposure to light as much as possible.

　　▌02. 除塵防蟲

　　環(huán)境污染對(duì)書畫的損害非常大，定期清理灰塵，避免灰層過多對(duì)書畫產(chǎn)生影響，保證書畫作品的整潔。

　　▌02. Dust removal and pest control

　　Environmental pollution can cause significant damage to calligraphy and painting works. Regularly cleaning the dust to avoid excessive dust layers affecting the works can ensure their cleanliness.

　　在防止書畫被蟲蛀方面，可用樟腦丸揮發(fā)出特殊的氣味來防蟲，具有較好的驅(qū)蟲效果。使用時(shí)將樟腦藥放在收藏書畫作品周圍。一年之中可以分期放二次，次在34月，第二次可在1011月，這樣防蟲效果較好。

　　In terms of preventing paintings and calligraphy from being infested by insects, camphor balls can be used to emit a special odor for insect repellent purposes, which has a good insect-repelling effect. When using, place the camphor balls around the stored paintings and calligraphy works. They can be placed twice a year, with the first time in March to April and the second time in October to November, which yields a better insect-repelling effect.

　　▌03. 卷放要得法

　　書畫作品長(zhǎng)期處于掛展?fàn)顟B(tài)時(shí)，紙張要承受下垂的拉力和張力，使紙張的強(qiáng)度減弱，所以在掛展一段時(shí)間后，應(yīng)當(dāng)安排其“休息、調(diào)整”。卷放就是使書畫處于休息狀態(tài)，讓它恢復(fù)原來的拉力和張力。可以將書畫作品輪流掛展，以供欣賞。

　　▌03. Proper Rolling and UnrollingWhen calligraphy and painting works are hung on display for a long time, the paper has to endure the sagging and stretching forces, which weakens its strength. Therefore, after being hung on display for a period of time, they should be arranged to "rest and adjust". Rolling and unrolling is to put the calligraphy and painting works in a resting state, allowing them to recover their original tensile and stretching forces. Calligraphy and painting works can be hung on display in rotation for appreciation.

　　▌04. 控溫度防潮濕

　　書畫作品不論是立軸、屏、對(duì)聯(lián)、手卷、冊(cè)頁(yè)，還是扇面、斗方，基本上屬紙質(zhì)品和絲織品兩種，兩者都含有纖維質(zhì)，具有吸濕性，故而切不可讓字畫置于潮濕的地方。

　　▌04. Temperature Control and Moisture Prevention

　　Whether it's a hanging scroll, screen, couplet, hand scroll, album, fan-shaped scroll, or square scroll, calligraphy and painting works are essentially either paper products or silk fabrics. Both contain fiber and are hygroscopic, so it is absolutely imperative not to place them in a damp place.

　　書畫保存空間溫度應(yīng)保持在14℃~20℃左右，相對(duì)濕度在50~60%。倘若室內(nèi)相對(duì)濕度偏高，容易引起紙張受潮而滋長(zhǎng)霉菌，霉菌在潮濕、溫暖和黑暗條件下易繁殖。

　　The temperature of the space for storing calligraphy and paintings should be maintained at around 14℃~20℃, with a relative humidity of 50~60%. If the indoor relative humidity is high, it is easy for the paper to become damp and for mold to grow. Mold is most prone to reproduce under humid, warm, and dark conditions.

　　但也不能太干燥，太干燥容易引起字畫的翹曲變脆，遇天氣過分干燥時(shí)，可常用濕墩布拖地，或在房?jī)?nèi)放盆水。天氣潮濕時(shí)，尤其在雨季，盡量少開窗戶，這樣可以使房間的濕度得到相應(yīng)的控制，一般美術(shù)館博物館有恒溫恒濕的條件。還有一點(diǎn)訣竅，掛書畫時(shí)不直接貼著墻，卷軸類的跟墻壁有五公分左右的距離。

　　However, it should not be too dry, as excessive dryness can easily cause the calligraphy and paintings to warp and become brittle. When the weather is excessively dry, one can often use a damp mop to mop the floor or place a basin of water in the room. During humid weather, especially during the rainy season, try to open the windows as little as possible, so as to maintain the appropriate humidity level in the room. Generally, art galleries and museums have conditions for maintaining constant temperature and humidity. Another tip is not to hang calligraphy and paintings directly against the wall. For scrolls, it is best to keep them about five centimeters away from the wall.

　　▌05. 書畫切記不可碰水

　　書畫作品一旦吸水會(huì)造成紙張的破損，這樣一來會(huì)大幅減少書畫的價(jià)值。

　　▌05. Calligraphy and painting works must not come into contact with water.

　　Once calligraphy and painting works absorb water, it will cause damage to the paper, significantly reducing their value.

　　▌06. 不傷害書畫

　　書畫保護(hù)還應(yīng)注意欣賞時(shí)不要用手指接觸畫面，展開和收卷時(shí)不要將畫折壞留下折痕，收藏的書畫由于年久會(huì)變得較脆容易弄折裂，所以一般不隨便動(dòng)手，收、拿、卷、掛等動(dòng)作也一定要格外小心，做到輕手輕腳。

　　▌06. Do not damage calligraphy and paintings. When appreciating calligraphy and paintings, one should also be careful not to touch the surface with fingers. When unfolding and rolling, do not crease the painting and leave fold marks. Stored calligraphy and paintings may become brittle and prone to cracking due to age, so one should generally not handle them carelessly. When collecting, holding, rolling, and hanging, one must also be extremely careful and handle with gentleness.

　　▌07. 好裝裱收藏久

　　裝裱是書畫收藏過程中非常重要的一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)，裝裱的質(zhì)量好壞直接影響到書畫的保存壽命。手工裝裱可重裱、揭裱和修復(fù)，機(jī)裱的字畫則不能。

　　▌07. Proper mounting for long-term preservation. Mounting is a crucial step in the process of collecting calligraphy and paintings. The quality of the mounting directly impacts the preservation lifespan of the artwork. Hand-mounted works can be re-mounted, unmounted, and restored, whereas machine-mounted calligraphy and paintings cannot.

　　所以手工裝裱扮演著非常重要的角色，手工做的漿糊可以讓托底的書畫平整度好，防蟲，更好的傳承好書畫。

　　Therefore, handmade mounting plays a very important role. The paste made by hand can ensure the flatness of the mounted paintings and calligraphy, prevent insects, and better preserve the excellent Chinese paintings and calligraphy.

　　這也是不二軒書畫一直堅(jiān)持手工裝裱的原因所在，雖費(fèi)時(shí)耗力，增加人工成本，但能夠保障收藏價(jià)值。不二軒書畫堅(jiān)持手工裝裱，匠心營(yíng)造精良書畫作品。

　　This is also the reason why Buxuan Gallery has always insisted on handmade mounting for paintings and calligraphy. Although it is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and increases labor costs, it can ensure the collectible value. Buxuan Gallery persists in handmade mounting, creating exquisite paintings and calligraphy works with craftsmanship.

　　▌08. 書畫受潮如何處理？

　　▌08. How to handle dampness of calligraphy and painting?

　　這個(gè)問題很多收藏家都非常好奇，特別是南方比較潮濕的沿海地區(qū)，有時(shí)難免受潮，萬一書畫受潮可以這樣補(bǔ)救：若在書畫表面發(fā)現(xiàn)有霉點(diǎn)，可用宣紙輕輕掃除，若不能掃除，就要揭裱，因?yàn)槊裹c(diǎn)會(huì)慢慢蠶食書畫，對(duì)書畫的危害很大。

　　Many collectors are very curious about this issue, especially in the humid coastal areas of the south where dampness is unavoidable. If paintings and calligraphy are affected by dampness, the following remedies can be taken: If mold spots are found on the surface of the paintings and calligraphy, they can be gently removed with rice paper. If the mold spots cannot be removed, the paintings and calligraphy must be unmounted, as mold spots will gradually eat away at them, causing great damage to the paintings and calligraphy.

　　但揭裱的工藝又是另外一套復(fù)雜的工序，所以為了避免對(duì)書畫造成傷害，在收藏的過程中要注意防范，防止發(fā)霉。

　　However, the process of mounting involves a separate set of intricate steps. Therefore, to avoid causing damage to the calligraphy and painting, it is important to take precautions during the collection process to prevent mold growth.

　　書畫拆框揭裱后，如若發(fā)現(xiàn)很多水汽，千萬不能直接曬太陽(yáng)，宣紙見太陽(yáng)會(huì)變脆，要慢慢風(fēng)干。

　　After the calligraphy and painting is unframed and remounted, if a lot of moisture is found, it is absolutely forbidden to expose it directly to the sun. Xuan paper will become brittle when exposed to the sun, and it should be slowly air-dried.

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